CRETINISMO

	C
	CRETINISMO
	*CRETINISMO*

CRETINISMO

Cretinismo

During the fetal and neonative development the hormones secretadas by the gland thyroid are essential for the normal growth and maturation of the brain.

For the production of these hormones the Iodine is essential (I), when incorporating it in its molecule.

When, normally by dietetic causes, the mother cannot contribute sufficient Iodine to the fetus or to the suckling baby, the cerebral and somatic development is suffered, which forms the cretinismo.

Causes

Iodine deficiency in the diet.

This is common in moved away mountainous zones of the sea in the underdeveloped countries. It was the cause of the great incidence of this alteration in the region of the Hurdes.

Medicine use, for example the lithium, that represses the function of the thyroid in the mother and the fetus. The hipotiroidismo nontreated about the pregnant woman.

Idiopática (of unknown cause).

Signs and symptoms

The boy when being born presents/displays important morphologic deformations:

Macroglosia (the too great language for the mouth).

Thickening of the skin.

Little fragile hair and.

Peculiar head (the skull is great in proportion to the face, with the great jaw, which provides an aspect to him of 8.

The boy is "calm", crying little.

Diminution of the appetite.

It takes weight with facility, in spite of the lack of hunger, but it grows little (dissosciation of the curves of weight and height).

Reduction of the tolerance to the cold.

Slow, fast or irregular beat cardiac.

Constipation.

Mental disorder including depression, psychosis or lack of memory.

Retention of liquids, specially around the eyes.

Sad face expression and fallen eyelids.

Anemia.

Insensibilidad and creeps in feet and hands.

Hoarse or deep voice.

Swelling of legs.

Factors of risk

The lack of Iodine in the diet is most frequent.

Those that causes hipotiroidismo in the mother:

Obesity.

Surgery by hipertiroidismo.

Treatments with x-rayses.

Exhibition to the radioactivity.

Treatment with Lithium salts

Prevention

Most important, the supplement of Iodized salts in the mountainous zones moved away from the sea to the pregnant women.

The treatment adapted of the hipotiroideos states in the women from before dela conception.

Diagnosis and treatment

General Measures

The general aspect of the infant orients towards the diagnosis.

Analysis of blood of laboratory of tiroideas hormones.

The treatment after the birth of the hipotiroidismo stops the evolution of the abnormalitys, but it does not recover the lost cerebral function.

Medication

An suitable suplementación of Iodine usually is enough, recovering generally the tiroidea function.

Complications

Irreversible cerebral alterations.

Excessive gain of weight.

Infertility.

Mixedematoso comma - complications with threat of hipotiroidismo death.

Increase of the susceptibility in the infection.

Prognosis

Since we have indicated, the deterioration of the produced cerebral function in the uterus (before the childbirth) is not recoverable, reason why always it will be left mental a delay important.

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