ANEMIA APLÁSICA

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	ANEMIA APLÁSICA
	*ANEMIA APLÁSICA*

ANEMIA APLÁSICA

Aplásica anemia

Serious disease characterized by a low yield of the function of the bony marrow.

The marrow often fills up of greasy cells, that replace that they make the sanguineous cells.

It affects all the series of sanguineous cells:

Red globules,

White globules and

Plaquetas.

It can be seen affected any person any age.

Causes

Half of the cases must to drugs, specially inmunosupresoras, or to chemical agents, like aromatic hydrocarbons (benzol and similars).

In other cases, the probable reason is a autoimmunity caused by serious disease or causes nonidentified.

The infections arise by the reduction of the white cells, that are those that they protect against those.

The pallor and the fatigue originate in the lack of red globules and the tendency to bleed by the lack of plaquetas.

Signs and symptoms

Pallor.

Weakness, fatigue, on the point of passing out and lack of breath.

Frequent infections.

Nasal, buccal spontaneous hemorrhages, of the rectum, the vagina, encías and other zones, including the central nervous system.

Red spots or hemorrhages under the skin.

Hematomas inexplicable.

Ulcers in the mucous of the mouth, throat, vagina and rectum.

Factors of risk and Prevention

Familiar antecedents of aplástica anemia.

Genetic factors like the associate to the congenital hypoplastic anemia.

Use of certain medicines and drugs.

Volatile toxic contact or, more frequently, inhalation, like the benzene, in the work.

Recent serious disease.

Prevention

Avoid the prolonged exhibition to toxic components like the benzene, used in many industrial chemical agents.

It does not take any medicine unless it is necessary.

Diagnosis and treatment

The diagnosis is made by the file and physical examination by a doctor.

The antecedent of taking of some of the medicines that can produce it, or of contact with commented chemical agents is helpful for orienting the diagnosis.

Usually one requires the accomplishment of blood analysis, nose, throat, tinkles and bony marrow.

General Measures

Generally, the treatment inflict casualties of hair, and some patients use a wig temporarily.

Maintain the mouth scrupulously cleans to diminish the possibility of infections.

Cepille its teeth often with a smooth brush.

Rinsing the mouth with an oxygenated solution of water and water to equal parts or a mouthwash if the doctor prescribes it.

Medication

The suitable treatment is the transplant of bony marrow:

The transplant of bony marrow requires a donor with compatible antigens; best the donors are the twin brothers.

The donated marrow is inserted gradually in the veins of the patient, to try to replace the defective cells of the bony marrow by healthy cells.

In order to prevent the rejection with the transplanted cells, inmunosupresores medicines are used.

His doctor also can prescribe to him:

Antibiotics to avoid or to treat an infection.

Medicinal rinsings to suppress the infections of the mouth by fungi.

Activity

Return to its normal activities after the treatment. Diet

It can that needs supplements iron or vitamins, consults with its doctor.

Complications

Bad answer to the treatment due to uncontrollable infections and hemorrhages.

Rejection of the transplanted cells.

Attack to the organism by the transplanted cells.

Warn its doctor if:

It happens some of the following ones after the transplant:

Fever.

Any sign of infection, like inflammation anywhere of the body. Not always they appear

reddening, sensitivity or pain.

Eruptions.

Ictericia (yellow skin and eyes).

Pain to articulate.

Urinary annoyances or

Reduction of tinkles it in a single day.

Prognosis

The complications are fatal in 50% to 70% of the affected cases of serious aplástica anemia.

This affection is curable whenever the cause can be identified and the treatment has good results.

The anemia caused by inmunosupresoras drugs usually is cured spontaneously after suspending these drugs.

The total reestablishment usually takes of 6 to 8 months.

More information

Inforsalud-Internet Health-Web health

Hematology

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